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After its characterization in 1991, the PRRS virus became endemic in most swine producing regions and became one of its most costly disease. The PRRSV specimen forms two major genetic lineages represented by type 1 and type 2 genotypes that only share 50-60 % genetic identity.

Both types were discovered around 1990: type 1 viruses in Europe and type 2 viruses in North America. Although the origin of PRRSV is not known, the extensive differences between type 1 and 2 PRRSVs suggest that their ancestors evolved geographically independently.

Today, both types share worldwide distributions:

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