Calcium chloride reduces the negative impact of feeding high potassium and co-product containing diets to finishing pigs
J Guimaraes, CL Zhu, D Wey, and CFM de Lange, 2010. Journal of Animal Science, 88 (E-Suppl. 2):379.
03-Nov-2010 (15 years 7 months 4 days ago)Co-products from the biofuel and human food industries may serve as alternative pig feed ingredients. Previously, we observed a reduction in animal performance when pigs were liquid-fed high potassium (K) diets containing corn steep water (CSW) and whey permeate (WP). This study was conducted to investigate the addition of calcium chloride (CaCl2) to pig diets to reduce the negative impact of feeding high K levels. A total of 192 purebred Yorkshire pigs (average initial BW 45.5 kg; 4 gilts and 4 barrows per pen) were liquid-fed 1 of 6 diets over a 9 week period: (1) CSBM (Corn and soybean meal based diet with added 0.9% potassium carbonate; 0.98% K); (2) CSBM/CaCl2-mEq (CSBM with added 0.84% CaCl2); (3) CSBM/CaCl2 (CSBM diet with added 1.05% CaCl2); (4) Co-prod (22% WP, 6% CSW, 1.28% K); (5) Co-prod/ CaCl2-mEq (Co-prod diet with added 0.87% CaCl2); (6) Co-prod/CaCl2 (Co-prod diet with added 0.68% CaCl2). Diets 2 and 5 were formulated to an electrolyte balance of 166 mEq/kg; diets 3 and 6 were designed to maintain a target balance between K and Cl. Data were exposed to analyses of variance using GLM of SAS with treatment as the only source of variation; treatment means were compared using orthogonal contrasts.
Diet did not influence feed intake (P > 0.05). For CSBM, adding CaCl2 at both levels improved feed to gain (2.36 vs 2.57; P < 0.01); such response was not seen for Co-prod (P > 0.10). Hot carcass weight and carcass lean yield did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05). For Co-prod, adding CaCl2 reduced plasma carbon dioxide levels (P < 0.01). Based on quantitative histology observations, the addition of CaCl2 to Co-prod eliminated damage to walls of glomeruli capillaries.
Optimal CaCl2 additions to high K diets are still to be confirmed. These results suggest that some of the negative effects of feeding high K coproduct containing diets to pigs can be reduced, reducing the reliance on traditional feed ingredients for pigs.
Diet did not influence feed intake (P > 0.05). For CSBM, adding CaCl2 at both levels improved feed to gain (2.36 vs 2.57; P < 0.01); such response was not seen for Co-prod (P > 0.10). Hot carcass weight and carcass lean yield did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05). For Co-prod, adding CaCl2 reduced plasma carbon dioxide levels (P < 0.01). Based on quantitative histology observations, the addition of CaCl2 to Co-prod eliminated damage to walls of glomeruli capillaries.
Optimal CaCl2 additions to high K diets are still to be confirmed. These results suggest that some of the negative effects of feeding high K coproduct containing diets to pigs can be reduced, reducing the reliance on traditional feed ingredients for pigs.